How much sleep do you need?
Individual sleep requirements vary greatly from person to person and reduce gradually as we get older . Sleep is essential in life for the body to repair itself and in maintaining normal levels of cognitive skills such as speech, memory, innovative and flexible thinking. Sleep plays a significant role in brain development.
Lengthy periods of disturbed sleep lead to reduced ability, irritability and lack of concentration. An adult requires about 7-8 hours sleep whereas an elderly person generally requires only 5-6 hours. There is no set amount of time that everyone needs to sleep, since it varies from person to person. Generally people like to sleep anywhere between 5 and 11 hours, with the average being 7.75 hours. The simple truth is that - the amount of sleep we require is what we need not to be sleepy in the daytime.
With continued lack of sufficient sleep, the part of the brain that controls memory, language, planning and perception of time, practically shuts down.
What is Disturbed Sleep?
Researchers have discovered that, over the past two decades, on average the time spent asleep during the night has shortened by up to 30 minutes . An astonishing 25% of the UK population suffer some form of sleep disorder that results in excessive daytime sleepiness.In most cases, people suffer from difficulty in going to sleep and from disturbed sleep. Anyone one who takes more than half an hour in going to sleep is suffering from sleep disturbance. Those who suffer from sleep interruption usually go to sleep easily but often wake up during the night and have difficulty in going to sleep again. Anyone who takes longer than 30 minutes to go to sleep again is suffering from sleep interruption.
Sleep deprivation not only has a major impact on cognitive functioning but also on emotional and physical health. Sleep disturbance is one of the most sensitive indicators of the earliest signs of depression.
What are the most frequent causes of poor sleep?”
Almost everyone experiences poor sleep from time to time and is usually temporary. It may be caused by work or family pressures, a change from normal routine,Jet lag, a different bed, exam nerves or stress. Poor sleep normally improves in time in these situations.
Other causes are:-
Worrying about sleep
We all have had nights where we can’t “drop off”. Or we wake during the night and can’t get back to sleep. This often causes us to become irritated or anxious , which of course can make the problem worse. This may make you have an impression of a bad night’s sleep even when the actual amount of sleep was within normal parameters.
Anxiety or depression
People often find it difficult to switch off anxieties about work, home or personal problems. Poor sleep is sometimes due to depression. Other symptoms of depression include: a low mood, lethargy, poor concentration, tearfulness, and persistent negative thoughts. Treatment for depression often solves sleep problems
Sleep Apnoea
Commonly occurs in people who are overweight. This condition causes the airwaves to narrow and collapse. This can cause the sufferer snore, get a reduced supply of oxygen into the lungs and to wake up many times each night causing extreme tiredness during the day.
Snoring
Most snorers do not have sleep apnoea and sleep well . However partners of snorers can be kept awake during the night and is a common problem.
Illness and Medication
A large range of illnesses keep some people awake. For example, illnesses causing pain, indigestion leg cramps, breathlessness, coughs, itch, hot flushes etc. In addition many medicines have side-effects that can cause sleeplessness and disturbed sleep.
Stimulants
Can interfere with sleep. There are three common stimulants that can cause problems
Caffeine – which is in tea, coffee, some soft drinks such as cola. These are all best avoided during the evening.
Alcohol – many people use alcohol to help them sleep. Although it often helps peolple get off to sleep it commonly causes waking during the night and wakefullness in the early morning.
Smoking. Nicotine is a stimulant and can cause sleeplessness.
Environment
The bedroom environment can be a major factor in sleep problems. A noisy or light bedroom can cause wakefulness. Old and worn out beds,pillow cases and worn out and uncomfortable bed linen can all contribute to poor sleep. Bedrooms should always be kept cool but draught free to maximise good sleep.
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People’s Sleeping habits can change over time
Some people find as they get older they can manage with less sleep than when they were younger. Older people and people who get little exercise do tend to need less sleep. If your sleep pattern has not changed, and you do not feel sleepy during the day you are probably getting sufficient sleep.
Whatever the initial causes a sleep problem , concern about poor sleep, and anxiety about feeling tired the next day, are very common reasons for the problem to gradually become worse.
What Can be done? Solutions for Sleep problems
Anyone having problems sleeping will find a plethora of advice. For people who are having serious problems with sleep the best advice to is to talk to your G.P. Sleep problems can often be a symptom of an underlying illness, however sleep experts have concluded that 90% of people can improve their sleep experience by adopting some simple measures.
Create the optimal environment for sleep
Initially look at your sleeping environment and try to create optimal sleeping conditions for a good nights sleep. Ideally the temperature in your bedroom should be 14° – 18°C. The room should be regularly aired and it will help to leave a small window ajar through the night. Bedrooms should be quiet and dark to aid restfull sleep.
It is important that the room is dark as even a dimly lit room can cause disturbed sleep. Curtains should be lined with blackout material to keep light from outside from causing a disturbance.
High Quality Bed Linen aides restful sleep
Research on the sleeping environment has concluded that high quality bedding (beds, underbedding, pillows,bed linen) can extend the period of sleep by nearly an hour each night.
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It is best to encourage good sleep to try to keep to regular sleeping times. You may be a “lark” where you are a morning person who wakes up early and are most alert in the first part of the day, or an “Owl” – an evening person who is most alert in the late evening hours and prefer to go to bed late. Make allowances for this preference and then try to set aside a regular time for sleep.
Regular exercise, spending time outdoors and a balanced healthy diet all improve your potential for restful sleep.
During the evening, avoid late heavy meals and stimulants. Keep lighting low during the evening as bright lights can upset your Circadian rhythm (your internal body clock)
Try to relax as bed time approaches, avoiding vigorous exercise and too much mental or visual stimulation. Late night thrillers are not ideal bedtime viewing! Try gentle Yoga exercises or meditation to introduce a calm state of mind and body and prepare yourself for rest and sleep.